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Net Present Value (NPV) is a financial metric used by businesses to determine the profitability of an investment. It involves calculating the present value of cash inflows and outflows associated with a project, and then subtracting the initial investment. A positive NPV indicates that the investment is expected to generate returns higher than the cost of capital, making it a viable option for businesses. To calculate NPV, one must first estimate the expected cash flows for the project over a certain period, typically using discounted cash flow analysis. The cash flows are then discounted back to their present value using a discount rate, which represents the cost of capital or the required rate of return for the investment. The NPV formula is then applied to determine whether the project is financially feasible. In conclusion, understanding NPV is essential for making informed financial decisions. By considering the time value of money and the opportunity cost of capital, businesses can accurately assess the profitability of investments and allocate resources wisely.